Route selection by a jumping spider (Portia labiata) during the locomotory phase of a detour. [28]:50 In a test the ant Diacamma vagans usually killed single-handed a P. [6]:513, P. labiata is one of 17 species in the genus Portia as of May 2011. P. labiata (Sri Lanka), and P. schultzi (Kenya). The conspicuous main eyes provide vision more acute than a When not hunting for prey or a mate, Portia species adopt a special posture, called the "cryptic rest posture", pulling their legs in close to the body and their palps back beside the chelicerae ("jaws"), which obscures the outlines of these appendages. [36]:753, In P. labiata and in some other species, contests between males usually last only 5 to 10 seconds, and only their legs make contact. Portia labiata exhibited a strong bias toward UV+ individuals. [3]:432, A web spider's web is an extension of the web spider's senses, informing the spider of vibrations that signal the arrival of prey and predators. P. labiata and some other Portia species such as P. fimbriata (in Queensland) and P. schultzi sometimes scavenge these corpses if the corpses are not obviously decayed. Portia labiata, is a species of the jumping spider belonging to the Portia genus, indigenous to different parts of Asia like Java, Malaysia, Sumatra, Singapore and Burma. 72:1437–1442. [3]:433–434 When hunting in another spider's web, a Portia′s slow, choppy movement and the flaps on its legs make it resemble leaf detritus caught in the web and blown in a breeze. "The distances at which a primitive jumping spider, "A review of the ethology of jumping spiders (Araneae, Salticidae)", "Jumping Spiders (Class Arachnidae, Order Araneae, Family Salticidae)", "Some factors affecting feeding behaviour in young, "Cognitive Abilities of Araneophagic Jumping Spiders", "Jumping spiders mating strategies: sex among cannibals in and out of webs", "Spiderweb smokescreens: spider trickster uses background noise to mask stalking movements", "Predation by ants on jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) in the Philippines", "Geographic Variation in a Spider's Ability to Solve a Confinement Problem by Trial and Error", "Flexibility in the foraging strategies of spiders". Portia Labiata : World's smartest spider? Portia labiata exhibited a strong bias toward UV+ individuals. We investigated this hypothesis using a representative species, P. labiata, from Sri Lanka. So, nothing new. This once again reveals that Mom Characteristics has more creativity than sci-fi experts. Another test showed that females can recognise the draglines of the most powerful fighters and prefer to move near the draglines of less powerful ones. [27]:337–339 Insects were represented by the house fly Musca domestica. [c] P. labiata females are extremely aggressive to other females, trying to invade and take over each other's webs, which often results in cannibalism. [6]:518 P. labiata typically copulates for about 100 seconds,[3]:465 while other genera can take several minutes or even several hours. The Portia male shows off his legs and extends them stiffly and shakes them to attract the female. Portia labiata exhibited a strong bias toward UV+ individuals. [23]:418, If a large insect is struggling in a web, Portia does not usually take the insect, but waits for up to a day until the insect stops struggling, even if the prey is thoroughly stuck. The abdomens of females are mottled brown and black, and bear hairs of gold, white and black, and there are tufts consisting of brown hairs tipped with white. The presence and absence of UV signals was manipulated using an optical filter. joined to that of other spiders spinning webs. Tarsitano , M. S. , and Andrew , R. ( 1999 ). The genus Portia has been called "eight-legged cats", as their hunting tactics are as versatile and adaptable as a lion's. [44], c: ^ "Propulsive displays" are sudden, quick movements including striking, charging, ramming and leaps. Being the smartest hunters in the spider kingdom, there’s no doubt that the Portia genus of jumping spiders is heavily documented and studied. They’re a very visual species backed by a broad range of other senses. Portia's intelligence, sympathy, and courage are predominant character traits typically found in heroines. 2017b). Looking more like a flake of bark than a spider, Portia Labiata stops to have a think. Portia is a jumping spider that makes a living by eating other spiders - a risky business at the best of times. [3]:448, The venom of Portia species is unusually powerful against spiders. By blurring the distinction between courtship and aggressive‐mimicry signals, our third femme fatale, Portia labiata from Sri Lanka (Jackson & Hallas, 1986), demonstrates that the prey of an aggressive mimic need not be heterospecific. [3]:424 Where the web is sparse, a Portia will use "rotary probing", in which it moves a free leg around until it meets a thread. [41]:53, P. labiata is found in Sri Lanka, India, southern China, Burma (Myanmar), Malaysia, Singapore, Java, Sumatra and the Philippines. These results suggest the sexually selected trait of UV reflectance increases … In this medium-sized jumping spider, the front part is orange-brown and the back part is brownish. [4]:103-105 All species of the genus Portia have elastic abdomens, so that those of both sexes can become almost spherical when well fed, and females' can stretch as much when producing eggs. The spiderlings stay with their mother for a short span Size: Females have a body length of 7 to 10 mm (0.27 to 0.39 inches) with a carapace of 2.8 to 3.8 mm (0.11 to 0.14 inches). P. labiata is killed in 2.1% of pursuits and injured but not killed in 3.9%, P. schultzi is killed in 1.7% and injured but not killed in 5.3%, and P. fimbriata in Queensland is killed in 0.06% of its pursuits and injured but not killed in another 0.06%. 276:237–241. weave a silk platform lay eggs on it and then cover them. [6]:518[3]:465, Females of P. labiata and P. schultzi try to kill and eat their mates during or after copulation, by twisting and lunging. The males wait until the females have hunched their legs, making this attack less likely. Portia preys on many kinds of spiders in many kinds of webs, and this raises questions about the mechanisms by which Portia derives the particular signals that will be suitable in different predator–prey encounters. Last week, after a year of doing science in Singapore, we packed our bags and headed back to our home town of Auckland, New Zealand. Before being mature enough to mate, juvenile females mimic adult females to attract males as prey. ... Portia Labiata Jumping Spider. [3]:461–464 If the female is sub-adult (one moult from maturity), a male may cohabit in the female's capture web. Celui-ci s’appelle Scytodes pallida ; il possède des pattes plus longues, un thorax voûté, et il est capable de projeter un fil venimeux. [3]:444, e: ^ The retina is at the end of a tube. mottled brown abdomen while that of the males are brown with light markings. India, Burma, Sri Lanka, Burma, southern China, Singapore, Malaysia, Sumatra, Philippines, and Java. The key characteristic to distinguish a jumping spider is to look at their eyes. [8] The most common procedure is sighting the prey, stalking, fastening a silk safety line to the surface, using the two pairs of back legs to jump on the victim, and finally biting the prey. Phrases similaires. In a test, P. labiata females did not eat their eggs if the testers put them in other female's nests, showing that the test females could identify their own eggs, possibly by chemical means. Scientists have called these spiders smart owing to their tendency to carry out problem-solving experiments in the labs. Route selection by a jumping spider (Portia labiata) Vieira C, Romero GQ. The other six are secondary eyes, positioned along the sides of the carapace and acting mainly as movement detectors. Such detours may take up to an hour,[22] and a Portia usually picks the best route even if it needs to walk past an incorrect route. La science l’a baptisée Portia labiata, une modeste espèce d’araignées sauteuses comme il en existe beaucoup. Ants were collected as required for making lures (see below). [2][10]:16 In most jumping spiders, the middle pair of secondary eyes are very small and have no known function, but those of Portia species are relatively large, and function as well as those of the other secondary eyes. In laboratory tests, Los Baños P. labiata relies more on trial and error than Sagada P. labiata in finding ways to vibrate the prey's web and thus lure or distract the prey. Like most other species of the Portia genus, these spiders are also immensely intelligent, often implementing trial and error methods of catching their prey. [32]:36, Portia species sometimes use "propulsive displays", with which a member threatens a rival of the same species and sex, and unreceptive females also threaten males in this way. [20] Most jumping spiders walk throughout the day, so that they maximize their chances of a catch. Exemples Décliner. The spider lies head down, and often slides down 20 to 30 millimetres during moulting. Portia de Rossi. [3]:466–467, When hunting, mature females of P. labiata, P. africana, P. fimbriata and P. schultzi emit olfactory signals that reduce the risk that any other females, males or juveniles of the same species may contend for the same prey. Portia labiata (Thorell, 1887) Type locality: Bhamo, Burma Lectotype ♀ (by Wanless, 1978): MCSNG. afficher. 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