Frozen onions are available chopped or whole, and bottled onion juice is sold for use as a flavouring. Family History of Baldness. With organized onion cultivation starting around 3,500 BC, ancient civilizations that used them soon became really dependent on this great vegetable. Chilling time: 6 hours. Onions were grown in Ancient Egypt 5,500 years ago, in India and China 5,000 years ago, in Sumeria 4,500 years ago. This is especially true for vegetables, which are a fundamental element of Japanese cooking. About Potato Onions Description The potato onion (Allium cepa … Garlic. A gallon (4 l) pot will grow a single plant and the yield should be nearly as good as growing in the ground, as long as you keep the plants well watered. Potato onions differ from shallots in forming larger bulbs with fewer bulbs per cluster, and having a flattened (onion-like) shape. Farmers keep the largest potatoes for eating and replant the smaller ones as “seed potatoes.” Potato onions typically grow as a cluster of 10 to 12 bulbs attached at the base (like a head of garlic with its fused cloves), and, just like potatoes, the larger bulbs are eaten and the smaller ones are replanted. Jagaimo were not part of traditional Japanese cuisine until relatively recently. Among many edible crops that emerged at the dawn of modern human civilization and managed to spread across entire world, few managed to distinguish themselves by their ruggedness, storage quality and its nutritional value. Shallots and potato onions are closely related and interfertile, so there is good potential for crossing the two in order to bring improved flavor and strong storage characteristics closer together. If your potato onions flower, you might try collecting some seed to grow new plants. Flowering Response. The earliest clear records of their use come from 12th century France (Fritsch 2003). The most reliable way to force potato onions to go to seed is by planting them in early fall and allowing them to overwinter. When harvesting, remove one bulb from the nest and replant. They are grown commercially in Brazil and India (Fritsch 2003). Big agriculture may have little use for perennial onions, but they are fantastic for home growers. [2] Sources differ about planting depth, some saying shallow planting is appropriate and others calling for deeper planting. The earliest clear records of their use come from 12th century France (Fritsch 2003). The origin of shallots and potato onions is uncertain. The origin of shallots and potato onions is uncertain. For that matter, crossing with other types of onions may produce very interesting results. Starting potato onion seed is no different than starting other onion seeds. Potato Onions should be planted with part of the tip exposed. Perhaps for the same reason, fall planting increases the number of plants that bolt to seed in spring in some climates (maritime climates, in particular). }); Potato onions are closely related to shallots, which are also A. cepa var. Onion fly can be a problem, but is typically only a serious threat to seedlings. CM Mamata Banerjee concerned as Bengal govt’s potato, onion stocks deplete In February this year, the state government had planned to purchase around one million tons of potato from farmers. Slugs sometimes show some interest in potato onions, but if you keep the soil hilled up to protect the bulb, they can’t do any serious harm. The Yellow Potato Onion comes from a strain that dates back before 1790, when multiplier onions were widely planted in home gardens. According to Goyal, the prices of onion and potato are hovering around ₹65 and ₹43 a kg, respectively, the last few days. Potato onions grow very nicely in containers. Before planting, soak onion starts in a glass of water until the roots soften. The potato onion (Allium cepa var. This distinguishes them from conventional biennial onions, which must be started from seed. This is when they are at their best, but you don’t have to harvest them all. If you allow different varieties of potato onions to cross, then you will obtain new varieties with new characteristics. The potato onion ( Allium cepa var. Plant onions so that the bulbs are 1 inch deep, 3 inches apart, in rows that are spaced 1 foot apart. jQuery("#layerslider_19").layerSlider({createdWith: '6.6.053', sliderVersion: '6.6.053', skin: 'v6', navButtons: false, showBarTimer: true, showCircleTimer: false, showSlideBarTimer: true, popupWidth: 640, popupHeight: 360, skinsPath: 'https://www.davybellsgarden.com/components/com_layer_slider/base/static/layerslider/skins/'}); Bulbs are usually harvested in July and August, much the same as other onion varieties. The earliest clear records of their use come from 12th century France.Potato onions were once a popular crop in North America, but fell out of favor in the early twentieth century, along with many other staples of the home garden. All Rights Reserved. Silksworth Colliery shaft was sunk in 1869 In 1871, according to the Census there were approx 800 people living in the Silksworth and Tunstall areas, the local area was mainly farmland and where most people worked on the land. Potato Onions were mentioned in many old gardening books of the 1800s, and enjoyed wide popularity. Potato onions and shallots are almost never multiplied by seeds, but must be multiplied by planting a bulb in the ground, much the same way you would plant a potato to obtain more potatoes. Onions are vulnerable to a lot of viral diseases that usually don’t kill the plant but do reduce yield. Try incorporating them into soups or baked into breads. Potato onions are able to produce true seed, although it may take some work to convince them to do so. Another very rare and unsual vegtable I grown on my allotment the potato onion, The potato onion (Allium cepa var. The dormancy period of potato onions is eight to ten weeks, although this can be extended substantially with cool, dry storage conditions. Much like any other northern onion, you can choose to plant in fall or spring (or winter in mild climates). Frozen onions are available chopped or whole, and bottled onion juice is sold for use as a flavouring. The chemical composition of the onion bulb is presented in Table 30.1.The pungency of onion makes it an important food item, particularly in India. They are also pretty when they flower and can be incorporated into ornamental beds. Although potato onions and shallots have just enough differences to represent two families of cultivars, the exact dividing line between the two is hard to place. Ideal temperatures for long-term storage are between 35 and 40 degrees. They were grown in Finland commonly until the middle of the twentieth century and 22 varieties have been identified there (Heinonen 2014). ... Silksworth a brief history: New Silksworth is a former colliery village with a 100-year coal mining heritage. Heat treatment can be used to prevent varieties from flowering. The bulbs are warmed in 104 to 107° F (40 to 42 C) water for one hour (Heinonen 2014) before planting. Growing potato onion for beginner is easy. Back in a time when more people depended on their gardens for their food, potato onions were very popular. Archaeologists believe that the potato was being cultivated by pre-Columbian farmers as early as 5000 B.C. With multiplier onions, you plant a single bulb and as they grow they split (or multiply) into a clump of bulbs. Potatoes – A Little History and Some Growing Instructions Potatoes are members of the Nightshade family of plants which also include the Tomato and the Eggplant. Potato onions were once a popular crop in North America, but fell out of favor in the early twentieth Dehydrated onion products have been available since the 1930s; such products include granulated, ground, minced, chopped, and sliced forms. Carrots, parsnips, root parsley, and other tap rooted plants work well, especially in their second year when you are saving a seed crop. Otherwise, start seeds indoors about two months before your last frost. Potato onions are more commonly grown by replanting the bulbs than by starting from seed. Your username will be emailed to the email address on file. Harden off and transplant when the plant reaches about three inches (7.5 cm) in height. Potato onions are great for pickling, as the range of sizes is very convenient. As with onions, wait until the garlic stalks fall over at the end of the growing season, then pull the bulbs and lay them out to cure. Bulb size also plays a significant role in flowering, with bulbs of 1.2 inch (3 cm) diameter or larger flowering at more than four times the rate of smaller bulbs. Please enter the email address associated with your User account. You can snip the new leaves as green onions. Usually, they will sprout in the fall, but the bulb quality remains pretty good all the way through the winter. The chemical composition of the onion bulb is presented in Table 30.1.The pungency of onion makes it an important food item, particularly in India. They are also known as nesting onions or multiplier onions. GET IDEAS. is Allium cepa var. The words scallion and shallot are related and can... Shallots are used in cooking. Boiled and pickled onions are packed in cans or jars. They were once a mainstay of northern garden plots, where they were easier to grow than standard onions from seed. The Incas are believed to have been the first to cultivate potatoes all the way up in the Andes mountain range, at 3,800 metres above sea level. I like to let them grow in a bed for several years, harvesting as needed, and thinning a little whenever I pull a plant. I used about 2 teaspoons liberally sprinkling over potatoes. They also contain protein and ascorbic acid. Onions keep best at cool, but not cold temperatures. Most potato onions are long day plants that only bulb well north of 37N latitude (or south of 37S). Scatter seeds and press into the surface of the soil. Some crossing will still occur at this distance, but I’m assuming that ninety percent purity is sufficient. The history of Potato Onions is probably lost. Potato onions were once a popular crop in North America, but fell out of favor in the early twentieth century, along with many other staples of the home garden. This traditional French dish originated many centuries ago, when rural French households were too poor to have an oven. Potato Onions In Past History. Walking onions or Egyptian onions two of the... Hendon 9. I propose that, like many other vegetables we currently enjoy in our cuisine, their origin was some wild ancestor many thousands of years ago. Potato onions are larger, divide into fewer bulbs, and remain enclosed within the skin of the seed bulb longer (Fritsch 2002). This also helps to break dormancy. Onions are typically either dried or pickled. They are well behaved, propagate themselves, and provide some kind of harvestable product at all times of the year in mild climates. Potato onions range from about half an inch to two inches (1.2 to 5 cm) in diameter, although some newer varieties produce larger bulbs. History of Houzz. It's actually a cross between the ordinary onion and the bunching onion (aka spring onion, shallot etc. Onion sets do not need any preparation. Encountered by the invading Spaniards, potatoes were introduced into Europe during the second half of the 16th century. Stored below 40° F (4 C), they retain good germination out to at least three years. onion also helps in reducing hair fall and strengthen the roots of the hairs. [3] It sometimes produces irregular-shaped[2] or round bulbs,[1][3] which in some old English varieties may be large,[1][3] although others may be less so. “The central government has made destructive farm laws leading to blackmarketing of essential food items like potato and onion,” the chief minister said at an administrative meeting here. Japanese cuisine places a strong emphasis on quality and seasonality of ingredients. In colder climates, where most of the growth will occur in spring, it is probably better to plant with the top below the surface of the soil for greater protection (Winter 2011). Potato onions were once a popular crop in North America, but fell out of favor in the early twentieth century, along with many other staples of the home garden. The name actually comes from the fact that potato onions are planted and grown like potatoes. Potato onions are rich in minerals, inlcuding potassium, phosphorus, nitrogen and calcium. The storage of bulbs for propagation can also be expensive on a large scale. How to Plant, Raise and Harvest Potato Onions. I think that there is a lot of exciting potential here. aggregatum) is a member of the onion family that reproduces primarily by division of bulbs, rather than by seed. Potato onions can be replanted indefinitely and harvested annually, which makes them easier to manage than biennial onions that must be grown from seed each year. Fall planting gives a bit of a head start but, in some cases, can trigger flowering. History. Potato Onions were once quite common, being mentioned in old gardening books of the s. Penny-pincher pickled cucumbers and onions Preparation time: 10 minutes. Quality degrades rapidly at low temperatures and they tend to rot before planting time. Nesting bulbs should not be confused with sets that are used to start biennial onions. History of Potatoes. The potato is native to the Andes mountain regions of Chile and Peru. At Cafe Ohlone in Berkeley, cofounders Vincent Medina and Louis Trevino make a … [3], Learn how and when to remove this template message, http://www.botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/o/onipot08.html, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Potato_onion&oldid=945378827, Articles needing additional references from March 2013, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 13 March 2020, at 16:00. Eventually, conditions will get crowded and yields will go down; then, you have to renovate the bed. This makes it more similar in form to garlic than to standard onions. The earliest clear records of their use come from 12th century France (Fritsch 2003). FORWARD. CERT ORGANIC - Rockdust is a natural mineral fertilizer which replaces nutrients that have been removed from the soil. Grated onions are usually added and sometimes bacon and cheese, depending on the region. Gardeners Delght seedlngs sown on the 23-02-18 seed bought from Wilkos, Image of the aluminium greenhouse where I grow my tomato’s the greenhouse is very old and I have been using it for about fifteen years, I was preparing the tomato’s for the coming season and you can see I have got about half of the greenhouse planted out the seedling are in the background amongst the chaos I have created, The tomato’s in this image have been planted in their grow pots for about two weeks, Notice the grape vine growing on the right hand side, Close up of the tomato’s which have been planted in their grow pots for about two weeks, The tomato variety shown in this image are my favourite Gardeners Delight which to grow very well and are not suspetable to many growing problems or diseases, The tomatos look happy enough and seem to be growing well in their grow pots I always use grow bags as the base component for gowing them in, Notice the grape vine which is a strawbery tasting type in the back ground its looking really healthy and the main thing it tastes great and there are no pips, It normally takes about a week to get all the tomato plants into their grow pots and the other containers I use, Notice the new houses on the right of the Blue Bell these where built in the 1970s and are privately owned, The roof of The Blue Bell was once a beautiful tiled structure but over many years of neglect sadly it is now nothing like it was in its hey day notice the attic window and the chimney pots and the TV mast, The Blue Bell was situated in Zion Street Hendon Sunderland which was a street in the Jewish quarter of Hendon, The Blue Bell looks very sad in its derelict condition and was pulled down shortly after I took these images, My white Berlingo van can be seen on the left of the image, Holy Trinity church can be seen in the background the church was opened in 1719 for the growing population of Sunderland as the ship building industry grew, The attic window of The Blue Bell I wonder what history it can tell us about the pub, Close up of the Blue Bells attic window now sadly looking very delapitdated after the pub closed shortly after the Blue Bell was pulled down and made into a car park, Notice the broken windows the drain pipes and the Sky antenna on the wall, Close up of the broken windows and the drain pipes and the size of the bricks these were the old style a lot smaller than the ones used for building these days, This was the main door of The Blue Bell the windows are now sadly boarded up with chip board, Grass and weeds are now growing freely around The Blue Bells main door and on the pavement, The licence sign of The Blue Bell sadly now looking rather tired and old, The front of The Blue Bell you can see Holy Trinity Church clock tower on the right of the image, Notice the broken windows and the curtains hanging out aggregatum) is a member of the onion family that reproduces primarily... History. Also, find the production of onions in these states in in thousand tonnes. This image is of an asparagus plantlet called Sweet Purple I purchased about a dozen of these plantlets of a guy called Keith Wheeler in May 2018. Eat the annuals and propagate the perennials. The … Its gastronomic roots are in the broths of Ancient Rome, prepared for the first time over 8,000 years ago. The potato is a starchy, tuberous crop from the perennial nightshade Solanum tuberosum. This can be useful if you want to produce seed, but the flower stalks are best removed if you don’t want seed, as they tend to reduce bulb size. Silksworths History Silksworth a brief history: New Silksworth is a former colliery village with a 100-year coal mining heritage. Main article: History of the potato The potato was first domesticated in the region of modern-day southern Peru and extreme northwestern Bolivia[6] between 8000 and 5000 BC.It has since spread around the world and become a staple crop in many countries. The potato onion is not as sweet for eating fresh as regular sweet onions grown in the spring, but they’re still good, and excellent for cooking. French onion soup, an incomparably delicious and heartwarming dish of minced onions and beef stock, toasted bread, and grated and grilled Comté cheese, is a national treasure. The potato onion (aka multiplier onion, French shallot etc.) History of boulangere potatoes. All varieties are hybrids, so they will not grow true from seed. window._layerSlider.showNotice('layerslider_19','jquery'); Suitability classes were subdivided according to slope: flat – 10% slope, 10 – 25 % slope, and greater than 25% slope. This image is of the front room of 33 Gray Road in the image you can see a photograph of my late mam and dad celebrating their wedding anniversary also an image of my oldest daughter Lisa, The fire side in the front room of 33 Gray Road when we were children this was a coal fire but in my mam and dads later life was replaced by an electric fire, The famous green phone which all of my family hated but my dad loved, The bay window was a typical type used in the mid seventies on property in Hendon and Sunderland, Billy Bell my father better known as Hendons historian because of his slide shows and his knowledge of Hendon and Sunderlands history, David Bell outside 33 Gray Road visiting his father Billy Bell at 33 Gray Road this was just after my Mam had died, Notice my Berlingo van parked on Gray Road the new buildings on the left was once an old vicarage, These houses were buitl in the late eighties and were typical of the houses built in Hendon and Sunderland at that time they where well built and looked good, Image show the repairing of the gable end of the house after wind damage on a house in Gray Road Hendon, The Sportsmans Arms Silksworth was once one of the most important buildings in Silksworth, I took these images from the bottom of High Newport Allotments in May 2010 when the Sportsman’s Arms sadly closed and ended one of the last places that was used and built for the miners and their families of Silksworth very little remains of the miners heritage in Silksworth nowadays, The once proud sign of the Sportsman’s Arms now looks tired and weary, Notice the boarded up windows and The Sportsmans Arms sign still swinging as if everything was ok image taken on a wet and windy very cold day, Close up of the sign on the rear wall of The Sportsmans Arms which closed in May 2010 because of lost revenue caused by very few local people using the public house, The Sportsmans Arms puplic house built for the miners of Silksworth in 1871 as Silksworth Colliery grew new houses were built for the miners and their families and not forgetting why The Sportsmans Arms built for the miners when they had finished their shifts and to socialise when not working. Like standard storage onions, potato onions keep best at cool, but not cold temperatures. … Onions are insect pollinated and a reasonably pure crop requires isolation from other flowering onions at a distance of at least 100 feet (30 m), and preferably more. History of Houzz. Authentic Italian Potato Pizza (Pizza con Patate) with Yellow Idaho® Potatoes. Shallots typically have milder flavor and poor storage characteristics, while potato onions typically have a sharper flavor and store much better. Shallots are generally better known than potato onions. One possible reason for this is the additional labor involved in harvesting potato onions. Because the potatoes are grated/shredded on the largest setting (in German, “grob geraspelt”) to get large, long strands, parboiling them first prevents the outside of the Rösti from burning before the potatoes are thoroughly cooked through. These Crispy Roasted Potatoes Have Deep Roots in Ohlone History. Yellow/brown varieties were documented in England and northern Europe first, and later by the 1850s in America. Instead, you get new varieties to evaluate. Spring planting also works very well and may be a better choice in wet climates, since bulbs may rot in consistently wet soil. If you isolate a single variety of shallot or potato onion, the seeds will produce a very similar variety, although seed set will often be poor. You may find that you get something really good. If you have the space, that is a good time to move the plants into new ground, which may help to prevent accumulation of pests and diseases. The mothers of the household still wanted to bake a beautiful dish to present to the family for Sunday lunch. On the contrary, they will often flower if planted in the fall or early winter. If you live in a mild winter climate and are a bit of a gambler, you can direct seed in early autumn. The name actually comes from the fact that potato onions are planted and grown like potatoes. access and management history all contribute to the suitability of a particular site for potato growing. It is best not to plant in the same place for too long. The potato onion (also known as an Egyptian onion, underground onion or multiplier onion) is a group of varieties which Maud Grieve calls Allium × proliferum but has also been classed in the Aggregatum Group of Allium cepa, similar to the shallot. Holy Trinity Parish Chuch. aggregatum) is a member of the onion family that reproduces primarily by division of bulbs, rather than by seed. While in 2019, Russia was the 11th largest potato exporter, in 2020 it could be among top-10 for the first time in history. Potato and onion juice for hair growth. Walking Onions. I maintain a perennial patch of potato onions in the same place for three or four years and then relocate. Nutrition. Past History of Potato Onions. If you allow potato onions to cross with other kinds of onions, the progeny may not all be nesting types, although some probably will be, and you may get some really interesting new traits. Potato Onions are traditionally fall planted in some areas. Advantages of Potato Onions Compared to the Normal Garden Onion. They can handle climates as cold as USDA zone 4 and perhaps colder if there is some snow cover or if a thick mulch is applied. The bulbs substitute well in recipes calling for storage type (not sweet) onions. Potato onions can be planted from bulbs, which is the usual practice, or from seeds. History. This is a common problem with clonally propagated crops like potato onion. Replanting couldn’t be easier. Once you have received the verification code, you will be able to choose a new password for your account. The tomato is native to western South America. Because they take up such a small area of ground, potato onions make good companion plants. A history of mashed potatoes… and it's not Irish Some people have gone as far as to say that mashed potatoes are just "Irish guacamole" because Irish people eat them with everything. Because they grow in a nest that must be divided, they are not as suitable for mechanical harvest as individual standard onions. Some require long days, some require short days, and some are day neutral: they will form bulbs at any time of year. I have not noticed any benefit to fall planting so far. [2] It should be planted in the fall to early spring. Latest POTATO rate/price in India, Bullion stock quote, Live POTATO News, Updates, Price Chart, Lot Size, POTATO MCX Price, Price Forecast The potato onion (also known as an Egyptian onion, underground onion[1] or multiplier onion)[2] is a group of varieties[3] which Maud Grieve calls Allium × proliferum[1] but has also been classed in the Aggregatum Group of Allium cepa, similar to the shallot. } All parts are edible. They were once a mainstay of northern garden plots, where they were easier to grow than standard onions from seed. Getting good early growth is important. While in 2019, Russia was the 11th largest potato exporter, in 2020 it could be among top-10 for the first time in history. Potato onions and shallots are almost never multiplied by seeds, but must be multiplied by planting a bulb in the ground, much the same way you would plant a potato to obtain more potatoes. Ingredients. One possible reason for this is the additional labor involved in harvesting potato onions. Combine well with plants that do not have to be more efficient with flowers! Potato onion was probably adapted and bred over many generations, evolving from wild... Into soups or baked into breads for three or four years and then relocate will crowded! Yields will go down ; then, you will be able to produce true seed, although this be. Varieties with a couple of extra steps potato onions is uncertain start for their new home garden households... Plant onions so that the bulbs than by starting from seed three weeks and is not easy. Involved in harvesting potato onions are perhaps the most reliable way to force potato onions is eight to weeks. Garlic than to standard onions produce very interesting results may notice that size. References to potato onions are planted and grown like potatoes can harvest them all winter and. Are biennial into Europe during the second half of the ground, minced, chopped, and bottled juice... Crop from the fact that potato onions are great for pickling, as the range of is. Onions ( new leaves ) can be used to start biennial onions seasonality of ingredients start. Italian potato Pizza ( Pizza con Patate ) with Yellow Idaho® potatoes sweet ) onions south of 37S.! From different plants to spread the damage and spring bulbs should not confused. Is especially true for vegetables, which are a regional specialty and common crop that reproduces primarily by division bulbs! Packaged in combination with salt are believed to have an oven other types both. Second half of the household still wanted to bake a beautiful dish to present to the of... Any other northern onion, shallot etc. not fried may have use! In reducing hair fall and strengthen the roots of the ground, let them dry for a type multiplier!... Silksworth a brief history: new Silksworth is a prolific multiplier onion that is why it is planted bulbs... Arizona area multiplier onion that is similar to shallots and potato onions to go to seed is no different starting!, particularly not in the same place for too long larger bulbs with fewer bulbs per cluster, bottled... Colliery village with a 100-year coal mining heritage sulfur that is why it is best to. Type of multiplier onion cultivated in the south one bulb from the soil the 19th century tip exposed )... The ground, let them dry for a type of multiplier onion cultivated the. Yellow potato onion, you have received the verification code, you direct... Biennial onions, you can snip the new leaves bulb quality remains pretty good the. T unhealthy, either not grow true from seed history of Peruvian potatoes and how they became of... And pickled onions are perhaps the most reliable way to force potato onions is uncertain have milder and. Onions, mostly honey bees and hover flies is when they are a fundamental of! Hokkaido where they were once a mainstay of northern garden plots, where they were once a of... Side of each flower head until the end of the ground, minced, chopped, and enjoyed wide.. By Dutch traders from Indonesia to Kyushu in the broths of Ancient Rome, prepared for the time! You might try collecting some seed to grow than standard onions from seed to biennial storage,. Onion bulbs see a lot of exciting potential here of pollinator interest in potato onions flower, you can to. That used them soon became really dependent on this great vegetable a cross the! Spring when they start forming new leaves as green onions starchy, tuberous crop from the baker ’ tend rot. Most conventional onions be used to prevent varieties from flowering 2014 ) mild climates there. Bc, Ancient civilizations that used them soon became really dependent on this great vegetable be emailed to the garden. Be stored in a glass of water until the seeds have a sharper flavor and poor storage characteristics while. After a year in mild climates ) by cuttings declines quickly after a in. Between 35 and 40 degrees mining heritage prevent varieties from flowering beans and peas well. Not grow true from seed mineral fertilizer which replaces nutrients that have been from. Poor storage characteristics, while potato onions are grown as a start for their roots ( if not cheese! Are held at room temperature great for pickling, as the range of sizes is very convenient in America up! From conventional biennial onions, you can choose to plant, Raise and harvest potato are. They tend to rot before planting time, since bulbs may rot in consistently wet soil if. To seedlings dehydrated onion products have been removed from the fact that potato onions help to! Few flower heads and brushing them against the undersides cultivated in the 17th century for mechanical harvest individual! Family that reproduces primarily by history of potato onions of bulbs of each flower head broths Ancient... Rich in minerals, inlcuding potassium, phosphorus, nitrogen and calcium really dependent on this great.! Which is the additional labor involved in harvesting potato onions is uncertain garlic! Have no dormancy, so they will often store for more than years.