The Euglenophyta or euglenoids are unicellular species, protozoan-like algae, and dominant in the freshwater environment. Most of the algae inhabit the aquatic environment, either freshwater or marine habitats. General Characteristics of Algae Algae are eukaryotic organisms that have no roots, stems, or leaves but do have chlorophyll and other pigments for carrying out photosynthesis. least one phase of its life cycle will survive. very fast flowing streams. Photosynthetic pigments: They possesses chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and small amount of β-carotenoids. grazing is severe. The algae comprise of a large heterogeneous assemblage of plants which are diverse in habitat, size, organisation, physiology, biochemistry, and reproduction. put together (Goff, Lectures 1999). Different stages in an alga's life history can produce different forms of carrageenans. Conclusion Algae are a type of lower plants that belong to the kingdom Protista.   Both groups possess pectin in their cell wall, (11). Euglenophyta. Thallos — a sprout; phyton — a plant), the primitive and simplest division of the plant kingdom. Division Chlorophyta. Brown algae, from the phylum Phaeophyta (meaning "dusky plants"), is … (2).      Plant body is not differentiated into root, stem and leaves in both groups, (3).      Gametophytic generation is the prominent phase in life cycle in both groups, (4).      True roots are absent in both groups of algae and bryophytes, Characteristics of Bryophytes (Life Cycle and Reproduction of Phylum Bryophyta), Difference between Parenchyma and Collenchyma: A Comparison Table, Difference Between Dicot and Monocot Stem (Anatomy): A Comparison Table, Difference between Protophloem and Metaphloem: A Comparison Table, Hyphal Modifications in Fungi (Mycelial Aggregations in Fungi), Difference between Protoxylem and Metaxylem: A Comparison Table, Plant body may be unicellular or multicellular, Plant body does not show any division of labor, Plant body shows division of labour (internally differentiated into photosynthetic and storage zones), In each cell only one or few chloroplasts are present, In each cells many chloroplasts are present, Every cell in the plant body is capable of growth and reproduction, Only the apical cells are capable of growth and reproduction, Pores or stomata are present for gaseous exchange, Rhizoids usually absent, if present simple type, Rhizoids present, sometimes two types (smooth walled and tuberculated). Green algae. In these subclasses, different carrageenans that are indigestible to the herbivore. Listed below are some of the general characteristics of algae. They have chloroplasts. Many algae are Photoautotrophic in nature and make their own food by the process of Photosynthesis. They are unicellular photosynthetic flagellated algae. Asexual reproduction is common by a variety of spores such as zoospores, aplanospores, hypnospores etc. This post describes the similarities and major difference between algae and bryophytes. Unicellular, colonial or filamentous Chlorophyll a, b Discoid, plate- cup-shaped, spiral or ribbon shaped in Different species Starch, Pyrenoids (contains protein) located in the chloroplasts, Some may store food in the form of oil droplets. These organisms are not necessarily closely related. Schizophyta is an old group/division that consists of two classes namely, Schizomycetes (Bacteria) and Myxophyceae (blue-green algae/cyanobacteria). It is an important group of Thallophyta (Gr. The euglenoids do not have a true cell wall and are protected by a protein sheath coveri… They are often termed as chlorophytes. The cell walls are composed of cellulose and alginic acid (a complex polysaccharide). • 7. which is famous for the enormous brown algae, the total biomass (dry weight) Interesting Facts They are a diverse group of algae that can be found all over the world. For instance, algae can photosynthesize like plants, and they possess specialized structures and cell-organelles, like centrioles and flagella, found only in animals. Algae of the division Chlorophyta possess green chlorophyll pigments and … The word algae represents a large group of different organisms from different phylogenetic groups, representing many taxonomic divisions. particularly well adapted to low light levels, and the Antarctic species Sheets of agar gel are used in genetic research. Euglena are fresh and salt water protists. Primarily, algae are not highly differentiated i… But chlorophyte is actually a division of green algae, which includes both freshwater and marine species. What are the Main Characteristics of the Plant Kingdom Kingdom : Plantae of Plant Kingdom Division : Thallophyta (Algae) The plants in this divisions are commonly called algae. Sexual reproduction may be isogamous, anisogamous or oogamous, Sex organs not covered with sterile jacket cells for production, Sex organs are always covered with sterile jacket cells for protection, Gametophytic and sporophytic generations are usually independent, Gametophytic and sporophytic generations are dependent and physically connected, Alternation of generation usually isomorphic, rarely heteromorphic, Alternation of generation always heteromorphic. Their plastids contain two membranes, chlorophyll, al well as accessories pigments of carotenoids and phycobiliproteins. are adept at energy storage.   Presence of motile flagellated antherozoids in both groups, (14). For example, some phycologists place the classes Bacillariophyceae, Phaeophyceae, and Xanthophyceae in the division Chromophyta, whereas others place each class in separate divisions: Bacillariophyta, Phaeophyta, and Xanthophyta. However, all such atypical organisms are photosynthetic which justifies their inclusion in algae. Login; Register; Home (current) Notes & Question Bank. Algae, singular alga, members of a group of predominantly aquatic photosynthetic organisms of the kingdom Protista. it is an ancient division that branched off very early in the tree of life. Firstly, there are very few single celled There is only one class and two subclasses in the Division. They can be either unicellular or multicellular. Diatoms and brown algae are examples of algae with secondary chloroplasts derived from an endosymbiotic red alga. The term \"algae\" covers many different organisms capable of producing oxygen through photosynthesis (the process of harvesting light energy from the sun to generate carbohydrates). This is because they don’t have flagella. Diatoms (diá-tom-os 'cut in half', from diá, 'through' or 'apart'; and the root of tém-n-ō, 'I cut'.) During photosynthesis, algae produce at least half of the oxygen in Earth’s atmosphere. Unicellular algae occur most frequently in water, especially in plankton. Algae reproduce asexually by cell division and fragmentation. Like plant cells, some euglenoids are … of red algae outweighs the total biomass of brown algae (phaeophyceae: Besides having the usual cellulose cell walls that most kelps etc.) however, are over 10,000 species that have been described. algae have, Rhodophyta also have 3 important chemicals in their cell walls. Cryptophyta. Algae have many types of life cycles, and they range in size from microscopic Micromonas species to giant kelps that reach 60 metres (200 feet) in length. (4).      True roots are absent in both groups of algae and bryophytes, (5).      Both groups are autotrophic in nutrition, (6).      In both algae and bryophytes major photosynthetic pigments are chlorophyll a, b and carotenes, (7).      Vascular tissue is absent in both groups, (8).      Cellulose is chief consistent of cell wall in both groups, (9).      In both groups starch is the reserve food material, (10). Most of the species are filamentous (single row of cells forming hairs). Answer of Draw the Table of Divisions of Algae and their Main Characteristics. There is only one class and two subclasses in the Division. is The three main types of algae are green algae, red algae, and brown algae, while the three main divisions of division Embryophyta are mosses, hornworts, and liverworts. In Monterey Bay, California, Enter your e-mail address. Even though bryophytes are well adapted for the land life they require the presence of water for the completion of their life cycle. ... • 4. Algae contain a discrete nucleus, along with starch grains, oil droplets and vacuoles. Unlike green algae or Chlorophyta, they lack true starch. Its cells contain manifold chromosomes which are clearly seen or observed during the cell division, especially during Mitosis. • 5. Morphological features of some representative types of algae are shown in Fig. The main characteristic of this group is their immobility during all stages of their life cycle. Its cells contain chlorophyll and many numerous photosynthetic pigments which are present in Chloroplasts. Most of euglenoids are autotrophic and photosynthetic. The other 98% are in the ocean. Certain species in the Rhodophyta are particularly well adapted to living Both algae and bryophytes lack a vascular system. They are immediate between aquatic and terrestrial life. much more extreme, and algae are often restricted to cracks and crevices. The primary pigments of euglenophytes are chlorophylls a and b, while their secondary pigments are carotenoids and xanthophylls. General characterstics of Chlorophyceae It is the largest class of algae They are commonly known as green Algae. • 8. The members of phaeophyta belonging to Laminarales are called kelps. The division is characterized by the following : The division comprises of most primitive […] Table 1 is a summary of algal divisions, restricted to those which possess a cell wall, and their most significant characteristics. Many algae reproduce sexually. What are the major groups of algae and what is the basis for their classification? These chemicals are amorphous (shapeless) mucilages (mucuses) which are The Taxonomy of the Rhodophyta shows that The main difference between algae and bryophytes is the division of the plant body; no division of labour is observed in the plant body of algae whereas the plant body of bryophytes internally divides into photosynthetic and storage zones. They inhabit in both freshwater … Phaeophyta Characteristics Phaeophyta are the most complex forms of algae. This helps ensure that an entire algal population is not eaten up - at to survive Antarctica's long months of near darkness. They can also occupy on rocks, soils, vegetation, or moist […] The chloroplasts in algae contain three algal pigments called chlorophylls, carotenoids, and phycobilins. Division-level classification, as with kingdom-level classification, is tenuous for algae. Furthermore, what are the 3 main divisions of algae?   In Chlorophyceae (algae) and Anthocerotales (bryophytes) the plastids contains pyrenoids, (12). Algae can be multicellular or unicellular. Based on their general features, algae are grouped into Kingdom Protista. red algae. Answer of Draw the Table of Divisions of Algae and their Main Characteristics. Brown Algae: Phaeophyta.   Filamentous protonema in the juvenile stage of bryophytes resembles the algal plant body, (17). In these subclasses, however, are over 10,000 species that have been described. Hard encrusting algae (calcified) are also very common in the tropics where Most of the evolutionary biologists believe that bryophytes were originated from Algae.   Water is essential for fertilization in both groups, (16). Algae are photosynthetic microorganisms that perform photosynthesis and produce oxygen (O2) and consume carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere. And secondly, the gametes (. Give an example form each group green, yellow, brown, red, blue-green, classified for their color, method of reproduction, and form in which their food reserves are stored; volvox, diatom, giant kelp, sea grapes, cyanobacteria (1).      In both groups the plant body is thalloid and undifferentiated. Charophyta include (a) Spirogyra and (b) desmids. 5.31: Cellular Characteristics of Algae: Algae—being eukaryotic organisms—have a cellular organization like that of other photosynthetic eukaryotes. Algae. Only two percent Similarities between Algae and Bryophytes. in the cold. However, certain features unite them, while distinguishing them from the other major group of photosynthetic organisms: the land plants. widely used in science and food preparation. Background and Divisional Characteristics of Red Algae (Rhodophyta) The Taxonomy of the Rhodophyta shows that it is an ancient division that branched off very early in the tree of life. (3).      Gametophytic generation is the prominent phase in life cycle in both groups Ø Algae are autotrophs (synthesize food using light energy) There are very few single celled red algae. In the warmer tropics grazing by fish and invertebrates (snails, etc.) For more on Rhodophyta, visit UC Berkeley's ". Many filamentous forms, however, have evolved in such a way as to create Fire algae (Pyrrophyta) Fire algae are unicellular organisms found in salt water environments with … Specific general characteristics of algae are common to plants as well as animals. 78 ºS of the equator. Both of these factors allow the Rhodophyta (2).      Plant body is not differentiated into root, stem and leaves in both groups Photoautotrophic algae produce oxygen. The food reserves contain sugar, higher alcohol and other complex forms of polysaccharides. Algae are eukaryotic, which means they have a nucleus.   Flagella of antherozoids are whiplash type in both groups, (15). The Rhodophyta are In general algae can be referred to as plant-like organisms that are usually photosynthetic and aguatic, but do not have true roots, stems, leaves, vascular tissue and have simple reproductive structures. The Rhodophyta are distributed worldwide (see, for example, the distribution of Plocamium,) but they grow best in waters Bryophytes are the most primitive land plants. Algae is the name given to a large and diverse group of oxygenic, phototrophic, eukaryotic microorganisms. Most of the evolutionary biologists believe that bryophytes were originated from Algae. This post describes the similarities and major difference between algae and bryophytes. This belief is strongly supported by the similarities of many characters in algae and bryophytes. Algae exhibit a wide range of reproductive strategies, from simple asexual cell division to complex forms of sexual reproduction. Ø Thalloid plant body Ø In Eichler’s system of classification, algae are placed in the Division Thallophyta along with Fungi and Lichens. However, it has been observed that many of the immobile algae pass through a flagellated stage in their life cycle. The terms “Algae ” was coined by C. Linnaeus which means ‘sea weeds’. The thallus of multicellular algae usually consists of a stipe, a holdfast, and blades. (1).      In both groups the plant body is thalloid and undifferentiated. Antarctica has two erect and one encrusting algae as far as Algae often protect themselves from grazers (like snails) by producing There is three main Algae classification: Chlorophyceae – These are called green algae, due to the presence of pigments chlorophyll a and b. Under the new taxonomic classification, however, Schizophyta is referred to as cyanophyta and consists of blue-green algae (Myxophyceae). There is none. Their plant body is a thallus. • 6. their divisions include Cyanophyta, Prochlorophyta, Phaeo- phyta, Chlorophyta, Charophyta, Euglenophyta, Chry- sophyta, Pyrrhophyta, Cryptophyta and Rhodophyta. This belief is strongly supported by the similarities of many characters in algae and bryophytes.   Both group can undergo vegetative reproduction by death and decay, fragmentation, and adventitious tubers, (13). of these species are found in fresh water, and those are only found in Characteristics Of Algae • 3. Algae Classification. Algae are photosynthetic organisms thick, fleshy thalli (bodies). Similarities between Algae … According to the records, there are more than 50,000’s known species of Algae and based on their habitat, presence of biological pigments and other characteristics they are classified into seven different types. Examples are Chlamydomonas, Spirogyra, and Chara; Phaeophyceae – Also called as brown algae, they are predominantly marine. between 10-15 ºC. 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